Pathology
Nasrin Ziamajidi; Nazi Moini; Hiva Danesh; Roghayeh Abbasalipourkabir; Nahid Radnia; Zeinab Barartabar
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 05 September 2023
Abstract
Background & Objective: Breast cancer has the highest incidence of all cancers and the incidence of this disease is increasing rapidly in many countries around the world, including Iran. In this study, some epidemiological and pathological factors have been investigated in breast cancer patients.Methods: ...
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Background & Objective: Breast cancer has the highest incidence of all cancers and the incidence of this disease is increasing rapidly in many countries around the world, including Iran. In this study, some epidemiological and pathological factors have been investigated in breast cancer patients.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study which contains 476 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer, was conducted in Tehran, Dr. Moini Breast Clinic from 2019 to 2021. Results: The mean age of patients was 50.2±11.40 years, of which 80.9% patients over 40 years. Ductal carcinoma was the most common in terms of histology (81.7%) and most patients are in grade 2 (63.6%). According to hormonal receptors, 73.8% of women had estrogen receptor positive and 68.9% of women had progesterone receptor positive and 18.9% of patients were triple negative. There is a significant relationship between grade and lymph node involvement (P-value=0.00) and also a significant relationship between metastasis with grade (P-value = 0.00 (and metastasis with lymph node involvement (P-value = 0.00) was seen.Conclusion The results of this study show that breast cancer has a high prevalence in Iranian women in Tehran, mainly seen in the 4th and 5th decades of breast cancer. HER-2 (epidermal growth factor 2 receptor overexpression) and triple negatives were the least subgroups. Considering that diagnosis happens late and about 63.6% of patients are in grade 2, it is necessary to implement programs in the field of screening and prevention in the female population of this province.
Pathology
maryam deldar; Robab Anbiaee; Masoumeh Keshvari
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 28 February 2024
Abstract
Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is used to treat advanced or irreversible breast cancer tumors and increases the possibility of Breast-conserving surgery. There is evidence that pathological complete response (pCR) after NACT reduces the risk of recurrence and increases survival.
Objectives: ...
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Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is used to treat advanced or irreversible breast cancer tumors and increases the possibility of Breast-conserving surgery. There is evidence that pathological complete response (pCR) after NACT reduces the risk of recurrence and increases survival.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the pathological complete response in breast cancer patients treated with NACT.
Methods: We identified non-metastatic breast cancer patients receiving NACT during 2010–2020. Patients’ and disease characteristics, rates of pCR based on these characteristics were recorded in different subgroups. Analyzes were performed by descriptive and analytical statistics using SPSS.ver26.
Results: 204 patients had mean age of 45.3 years, 32.4% had grade 3, and 89.7% had ductal histology. Overall pCR rate was 33.3% and differed according to disease subtype (p<0.001), receptor status (p<0.001), grade (p=0.015), ki-67 (p=0.004), but not according to age, BMI, menopausal status, tumor size, surgery type after NACT.
Conclusion: In our study, pCR rates are conformed with other studies. Many patients have residual disease following NACT that suggests lower survival or higher risk of recurrence, therefore determining the factors affecting the pathological complete response can help physicians in treatment decisions.
Pathology
Fereshteh Ameli; Maryam Entezarian; Noraidah Masir; Tan Geok Chin
Volume 9, Issue 1 , January and February 2024, , Pages 7-13
Abstract
Background & Objective: The highest mortality rate in gynecologic cancers is attributed to ovarian origin. Expression of the estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR); and Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2/neu) in endometrial cancer and breast cancer were found to be associated ...
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Background & Objective: The highest mortality rate in gynecologic cancers is attributed to ovarian origin. Expression of the estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR); and Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2/neu) in endometrial cancer and breast cancer were found to be associated with the response to treatment and prognosis. However, because of inconsistent results from previous studies, the data regarding ovarian cancer are still inconclusive.Materials & Methods: Current retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on 234 tissue samples of different types of ovarian tumors (benign, borderline and malignant) from the archive of the University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center during 10 years. Tissue microarrays were constructed on representative areas from formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks using ER, PR and HER2 immunohistochemical staining.Results: Prevalence of ER and PR overexpression was 36% and 35% in benign, 8% and 24% in borderline tumors with 51% and 46% in malignant tumors, respectively. ERα overexpression was more common among serous malignant ovarian tumors (49%) (p<0.001). PR positivity was more prevalent in serous benign tumors (p=0.02).There was no significant relationship between stage and the status of ERα (p=0.12) and PR (p=0.19). Her2/neu overexpression was only seen in borderline neoplasms (8%) and malignant mucinous tumors (4%). No association was found between Her2/neu overexpression and the level of tumor differentiation, tumor stage, size, and patient’s age.Conclusion: The observed ERα positivity in serous carcinoma and Her2/neu overexpression in malignant mucinous tumor, could be considered as a clue for choosing therapeutic agents. The role of anti-HER2 therapy in clear cell carcinoma is still debated and needs more investigations.
Pathology
Divya Shetty; Ritika Khurana; Surekha Bhalekar
Volume 8, Issue 2 , March and April 2023, , Pages 181-183
Abstract
Angiomyofibroblastoma (AMF) is a benign mesenchymal neoplasm. They are typically well-circumscribed lesions, more commonly occurring in the vulvo-vaginal region of reproductive-age females. It is curable by complete excision. They do not have a characteristic clinical and radiological feature. It is ...
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Angiomyofibroblastoma (AMF) is a benign mesenchymal neoplasm. They are typically well-circumscribed lesions, more commonly occurring in the vulvo-vaginal region of reproductive-age females. It is curable by complete excision. They do not have a characteristic clinical and radiological feature. It is an exclusive histopathological diagnosis. However, many mesenchymal neoplasms are predominantly perineal in location, with similar clinical and morphological features and may be confused with angiomyofibroblastoma. We present a 40-year-old married female with a 5.5 × 3.5 × 2 cm left vulval mass, clinically considered to be a Bartholin’s cyst. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was suggestive of infected cystic lesion. Histologically, it was an AMF. Histomorphological features are compared with other similar entities occurring in the vulva.
Pathology
Nahid Ghanbarzadeh; Ali Nadjfai-Semnani; Mohammad Nadjafi-Semnani; Mahmoodreza Behravan; Majid Zare-Bidaki
Volume 8, Issue 2 , March and April 2023, , Pages 184-187
Abstract
Echinococcus granulosus (sensu lato) is the main cause of Cystic hydatid in human and livestock in the world and is considered a neglected tropical disease. Hydatid cysts often form in the liver (50–70%) and less frequently the lung, spleen, kidney, bone, brain and genital system. Ovarian hydatid ...
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Echinococcus granulosus (sensu lato) is the main cause of Cystic hydatid in human and livestock in the world and is considered a neglected tropical disease. Hydatid cysts often form in the liver (50–70%) and less frequently the lung, spleen, kidney, bone, brain and genital system. Ovarian hydatid cyst is one of the rarest cases with nonspecific clinical presentation. Here in a case report study, we report a primary unilateral ovarian hydatid cyst in a 45-years-old woman. This patient was presented with a large pelvic mass. A pelvic multiloculated mass in abdominal ultrasound and a solid-cystic lesion of the left adnexa in CT scan were reported. All other laboratory tests and chest X-ray showed typical results. Molecular method was performed to confirm radiography and staining methods. A cystic mass on the left fallopian tube and ovary was found in the patient's laparotomy and all were resected with the appearance of a tubo-ovarian abscess. Postoperative pathological and molecular diagnosis confirmed a hydatid cyst disease. Five years of follow-up revealed no recurrence of the disease. Hydatid cyst can.
Pathology
Tajossadat Allameh; Behnoosh Mohamadi
Volume 8, Issue 1 , January and February 2023, , Pages 76-80
Abstract
Signet ring stromal tumor is a rare benign ovarian neoplasm, of which only about 17 cases have been reported since 1996. The signet ring appearance of this tumor may mimic a Krukenberg tumor and result in a diagnostic challenge in some cases. The previous cases occurred in adult or in old patients. We ...
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Signet ring stromal tumor is a rare benign ovarian neoplasm, of which only about 17 cases have been reported since 1996. The signet ring appearance of this tumor may mimic a Krukenberg tumor and result in a diagnostic challenge in some cases. The previous cases occurred in adult or in old patients. We have reporteda Signet ring stromal tumor in a 13-year-old girl.
Pathology
Amal Abd El hafez
Volume 8, Issue 1 , January and February 2023, , Pages 81-85
Abstract
Plasma cell myeloma (PCM) of the breast is extremely unusual. It probably constitutes 0.7% of extramedullary plasmacytomas, and 0.2% of all breast malignancies. Clinically and radiologically, PCM of the breast is indistinguishable from breast carcinoma or other primary breast disorders. Therefore, histomorphological ...
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Plasma cell myeloma (PCM) of the breast is extremely unusual. It probably constitutes 0.7% of extramedullary plasmacytomas, and 0.2% of all breast malignancies. Clinically and radiologically, PCM of the breast is indistinguishable from breast carcinoma or other primary breast disorders. Therefore, histomorphological examination with immunohistochemistry are considered as gold standards for its diagnosis in tissue samples. We report a case of a 30-year-old female presented with a progressive huge ulcerating left breast mass, despite chemotherapy. She had a history of an initially misdiagnosed humeral lytic lesion, and recurrent lytic boney lesions for the past 7 years. Positive CD138, CD56 and Kappa immunostaining has confirmed PC differentiation and monoclonality of the tumor cells. Subsequently, PCM of breast was diagnosed and the patient was transferred for chemotherapy and follow-up.
Pathology
Amal Abd El hafez
Volume 7, Issue 1 , September and October 2021, , Pages 38-44
Abstract
Background & Objective: Adult granulosa cell tumors (AGCTs) are potentially malignant ovarian neoplasms with a well-known tendency for local spread and recurrence, years after prolonged follow-up. This study investigated the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of SMAD3 (mothers against decapentaplegic ...
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Background & Objective: Adult granulosa cell tumors (AGCTs) are potentially malignant ovarian neoplasms with a well-known tendency for local spread and recurrence, years after prolonged follow-up. This study investigated the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of SMAD3 (mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3) in AGCTs to evaluate its association with a number of confirmed AGCT prognostic variables. Prognostic predictors of recurrence in AGCT were further defined.Methods: Upon database search, the clinicopathological data, slides, and paraffin blocks of 35 AGCTs were retrospectively retrieved from archives, then examined histopathologically, staged, and stained immunohistochemically using anti-SMAD3. After H scoring of SMAD3, the clinicopathological associations were investigated in positive- and negative-SMAD3 expression groups using appropriate statistical methods. Regression analysis was performed to define independent predictors of recurrence in AGCT.Results: SMAD3 was actively expressed in the nuclei of 51.4% of AGCTs. It was significantly associated with tumor recurrence, capsular rupture, and size (P < /em>=0.011, 0.018, and 0.028, respectively), but not with age, presentation, laterality, stage, tumor morphological pattern, or mitotic index. Capsular rupture and tumor size were defined as highly significant (P < /em>≤0.001), as well as SMAD3+ve expression and FIGO stage as significant independent predictors of recurrence (P < /em>=0.05 and 0.049, respectively) in AGCT.Conclusion: SMAD3 is actively expressed in the tumor cell nuclei of around one half of AGCTs and this expression associates with high propensity for tumor recurrence, capsular rupture, and increasing tumor size. Along with the other observed independent predictors of recurrence, SMAD3 may provide an outline for direct discovery of new risk-stratification criteria as well as therapeutic targets for AGCTs.
Pathology
Zahra Shahi; Mohammad Amin Edalatmanesh; Babak kheirkhah
Volume 5, Issue 3 , November 2020, , Pages 110-114
Abstract
Background & Objective: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide. HPV is a heterogeneous virus, and a persistent high-risk HPV infection contributes to cancer development. This study aims to determine the relative frequency of HPV genotypes in Kerman, Iran.Materials & ...
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Background & Objective: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide. HPV is a heterogeneous virus, and a persistent high-risk HPV infection contributes to cancer development. This study aims to determine the relative frequency of HPV genotypes in Kerman, Iran.Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 women with Pap smear samples, referring to a general laboratory in Kerman, Iran. Detecting two HPV genotypes was carried out using Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. The sociodemographic survey was conducted for each HPV-positive woman. Results: Out of 50 cervical cancer patients, 33 women (66%) were HPV 16, 18-positive. HPV 16 (38%) was the most rampant type, followed by HPV 18 (14%) and HPV 16, 18 (14%).Conclusion: Studying the prevalence of HPV genotypes and their respective risk factors can lead to efficient vaccine development against the virus in each geographical area. It can also be beneficial for illness management and high sensitivity diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
Pathology
Bahman Fouladi; Khadijeh Rezaei Keikhaie; Nesa Rajabpoor Nikoo; Salia Amini Poya; Solaiman Saravani; Jebraeil Farzi
Volume 5, Issue 1 , August 2020, , Pages 11-18
Abstract
Background & Objective: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common vaginal yeast infection in women. The present study aimed to determine the phenotype of Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida species in VVC cases.Materials & Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on 65 patients suspected ...
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Background & Objective: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common vaginal yeast infection in women. The present study aimed to determine the phenotype of Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida species in VVC cases.Materials & Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on 65 patients suspected of VVC through a visit by a gynecologist. They were cultured on CHROMagar and Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA). If morphology of the colonies could be detected through microscopic inspection, physiological tests were used to identify individual yeast species.Results: Out 65 colonies, 53.8% had negative cultures. The frequency of positive cultures for Candida were also calculated (C. albicans = 38.5%, C. glabrata = 6.15%, and C. krusei = 1.53%). Most of culture-negative cases had no history of antibiotic therapy (94.3%) while most of culture-positive cases had a history of fluconazole therapy (56% in C. albicans isolates and 40% in non-C. albicans isolates). Relapse rate was calculated as 29.2%. Of studied patients, 80% had no underlying disease, 15.4% had a history of diabetes, and 4.6% had a history of corticosteroid therapy. Less than half negative-culture cases had an undergraduate degree (45.7%).Conclusion: The incidence of VVC depends on various factors including occupation, underlying disease and history of antibiotic therapy. The most common cause of VVC is C. glabrata, secondary to C. albicans. Relapse infection rates can be reduced by increasing knowledge on clinical data, underlying diseases, mechanism of the organism, cause of infection, and effective treatment.