Elham Keshavarz; Afarin Sadeghian; Ali Ganjalikhan Hakemi; Fatemeh Talei Khtibi
Volume 2, Issue 4 , November and December 2017, , Pages 1-5
Abstract
Background: Pre-eclampsia complicates 5% to 8% of all pregnancies and annual incidence of pre-eclampsia is about 5% of all pregnancies around the world and is a significant cause of both maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity if left untreated.
Objectives: According to previous studies, blood supply ...
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Background: Pre-eclampsia complicates 5% to 8% of all pregnancies and annual incidence of pre-eclampsia is about 5% of all pregnancies around the world and is a significant cause of both maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity if left untreated.
Objectives: According to previous studies, blood supply distribution within the uterus is not similar in central compared with lateral sites, thus site of implantation and the resulting location of the placenta are likely to have a profound effect on the pregnancy outcome.
Methods: The researchers conducted a case-control study over 1-year period at a referral obstetric hospital in the south of Tehran. Overall, 121 females with three degrees of pre-eclampsia were considered as cases and 258 females with normal pregnancy were the controls. The females were aged 20 to 40 years old and their gestational age was between 14 and 26 weeks.
Results: The researchers recorded the participants’ blood pressures and locations of placenta during this period with consideration of their past and present obstetric history as well as medical and familial history. As a result, pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia were more commonly associated with lateral placentation in the second trimester when compared with non-pre eclampsia pregnancies.
Discussion: This study suggests that placental location, which is easily assessed at middle trimester of pregnancy by routine screening ultrasonography, is an ideal predictive test for evaluating the risk of developing pre-eclampsia.
Maryam Deldar Pasikhani; Zinat Ghanbari; Fateme Talei Khatibi; Ali Ganjalikhan Hakemi; Elaheh Miri Ashtiani
Volume 1, Issue 3 , November and December 2016
Abstract
Background: Urgency is a characteristic for overactive bladder and is defined by a sudden obligatory need for urination, a feeling that can be hardly stopped. Many methods such as drug therapy and feedback have been used to treat urinary incontinency.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess ...
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Background: Urgency is a characteristic for overactive bladder and is defined by a sudden obligatory need for urination, a feeling that can be hardly stopped. Many methods such as drug therapy and feedback have been used to treat urinary incontinency.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess and compare the effect of medication, biofeedback or biofeedback plus medication on urge- urinary incontinency and quality of life of patients.
Methods: This was a case-control randomized clinical trial performed on patients referred to Imam Khomeini hospital in 2014. Patients were divided into three groups of drug (Tolterodine), biofeedback, and biofeedback plus drug. Biofeedback group underwent two sessions of treatment weekly for four weeks, and the drug group received tolterodine (4 mg slow release) for four weeks. The third group received both of them. Quality of life and urinary incontinency symptoms were compared between the three groups and analyzed, using SPSS Version 16 software (IBM, Armonk, USA).
Results: Meaningful differences were observed between the three groups with respect to change in the total score of the questionnaire (P < 0.001). Between the groups, drug therapy had the most effect on improving the total score of the questionnaire, with a mean change of 25.44 ± 1.80. No meaningful difference was observed between drug plus biofeedback and biofeedback group (P =0.114). By comparing the mean incontinency score, we found a meaningful difference between the drug and biofeedback groups and the biofeedback and biofeedback plus drug groups (P < 0.001 and P < 0.002, respectively); however, no meaningful difference was found between the biofeedback plus drug group and the drug group in mean incontinency score (P = 0.187).
Conclusions: Our study results revealed that tolterodine and biofeedback both increased quality of life indices and decreased the severity of urinary incontinency significantly in our participants. However, drug plus biofeedback treatment improved the severity and quality of urinary incontinency, but did not improve quality of life of the patients. Therefore, physicians should consider improving the quality of life of patients as well.
