Gynecology Oncology
Maryam Rahimi; Setareh Talebi Kakroodi; Mansoureh Tajvidi
Volume 7, Issue 4 , March and April 2022, , Pages 258-271
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling is a crucial pathway in the development of many cancers. KIT, PI3K, and AKT are the major genes in this pathway. KIT RTK functions in cell signal transduction in various cell types, such as cancer cells. A central element of RTK signaling is phosphatidylinositol-4, ...
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Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling is a crucial pathway in the development of many cancers. KIT, PI3K, and AKT are the major genes in this pathway. KIT RTK functions in cell signal transduction in various cell types, such as cancer cells. A central element of RTK signaling is phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit A (PIK3CA), involved in cell proliferation, survival, and growth. AKT is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that has an important role in several processes, such as apoptosis and cell proliferation. The importance of mutations and overexpression of KIT, PI3K, and AKT genes in breast cancer has been previously demonstrated. This review investigated the relationship between gene mutations and overexpression and clinicopathological variable of KIT, PI3K, and AKT in breast cancer. Finally, the role of inhibitor drugs of these genes in breast cancer treatment. These data were collected from PubMed and Google Scholar databases from 2000 to 2021. The expression of KIT, PI3K, and AKT genes in normal breast tissues has been observed. However, mutations and overexpression of these genes are associated with malignancies. The mutations in KIT, PI3K, and AKT genes are different from those found in other malignancies. Also, most of the drugs that inhibit the RTK signaling are being tested in clinical trials for the treatment of breast cancer. Monitoring and timely management of adverse effects are critical to minimize toxicities and optimize the efficacy of this targeted therapy. Therefore, further development of predictive biomarkers can better select patients who will benefit from RTK inhibitors.
Gynecology Oncology
Maryam Rahimi; Elahe Keyhani; Farkhondeh Behjati
Volume 5, Issue 4 , December 2020, , Pages 137-148
Abstract
Background & Objective: As the most common cancer type, breast cancer has been recognized as the second mortality cause among women. The KIT proto-oncogene is one of the important factors involved in tumor development. The previous findings have demonstrated an increased copy number and overexpression ...
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Background & Objective: As the most common cancer type, breast cancer has been recognized as the second mortality cause among women. The KIT proto-oncogene is one of the important factors involved in tumor development. The previous findings have demonstrated an increased copy number and overexpression of this gene under the influence of breast cancer development.Materials & Methods: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the copy number variation (CNV) of all exons of KIT gene and estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), HER2, P53, stage, tumor size, Ki67, Annexin V, histological type, age, molecular subtype, and node status by surveying breast cancer tissues collected from 64 patients. The CNV exons and clinicopathological variables were assessed by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and immunohistochemistry techniques.Results: Sixty percent of cases in exon 17, 60% in exon 18, and nearly 67% in exon 19 with increased CNVs had a tumor size of 2-5 cm; these results were significant. Also, patients with an increased exon 7 CNV were significantly in stage 3. Other exons did not exhibit significant relation to other clinicopathological variables (P < /em>>0.05).Conclusion: Exons 7, 17, 18, and 19 are the key coding domains of tyrosine kinase, involving the activation of various upstream transcription factors that regulate apoptosis, cell differentiation, proliferation, and angiogenesis. Variation in exons can influence drug resistance. The results of this study can contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, although their confirmation requires further examinations.
