Obstetrics and Gynecology
Mohammed Ubaid Hamza; Noora M. Hameed; Sura Hasan Al-Zubaidi; Roua Abulkassim; Zahraa Basim Mohamed; Safaa Saad Mahmood; Dhuha Mohsin Al-Dhalemi; Heba Takleef al Salami; Nathera Hussin Alwan; Doaa A. Hamad
Volume 7, Issue 6 , September and October 2022, , Pages 563-568
Abstract
Background & Objective: Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii, a parasite that causes a variety of clinical symptoms in humans. It is a facultatively heteroxenous, polyxenous protozoon that has evolved several potential transmission routes within and between the host species. ...
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Background & Objective: Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii, a parasite that causes a variety of clinical symptoms in humans. It is a facultatively heteroxenous, polyxenous protozoon that has evolved several potential transmission routes within and between the host species. Infections caused by Toxoplasma gondii are more frequently seen in immunocompetent patients. The infection acquired by the mother during pregnancy puts the fetus at risk of congenital infection due to the parasite transmission across the placenta. The severity and frequency of infection are determined by the gestational age of the mother at the time of infection. The objective of this research was to study the toxoplasmosis infection in women, and to estimate the relationship between T. gondii infection and parameters including abortion time, chronic diseases, and age.Materials & Methods: The case-control study was conducted on 50 healthy women (pregnant and non-pregnant) as control group and 135 women with abortion experience as case group at the Women's and Children's Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq from December 2021 until March 2022. The questionnaire was used to gather information from the women. The participant's name, age, gestational age, address, medications taken, medical history, previous abortions, and the date the sample was taken were all included. Under sterile conditions, five milliliters of the venous blood were drawn from each woman. The ELISA test was used to determine the level of anti-T. gondii IgM and IgG antibodies in serum samples.Results: The anti-Toxoplasma IgM and IgG antibodies were found to be positive in 51% and 8% of the cases, respectively. However, the anti-T. gondii antibodies seroprevalence was 59% in women who had abortion. The healthy women had 0% for all antibodies. Conclusion: Despite reporting the high rates of infection among women who had single abortions, the current study found no significant association between the percentage of infection and the number of abortions. The cause of high incidence among women who had abortion could be due to decrease in the immune system function.
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Esmat Barooti; Farzaneh Rashidi Fakari; Soodabeh Darvish; Narges Tavakoly
Volume 7, Issue 3 , January and February 2022, , Pages 226-229
Abstract
Background & Objective: In pregnancy, the serum level of cancer antigen-125 (CA-125) increases in the first trimester and abortion. However, different studies reported conflicting results about the use of serum CA-125 to determine the prognosis of threatened abortion. In the present study, we try ...
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Background & Objective: In pregnancy, the serum level of cancer antigen-125 (CA-125) increases in the first trimester and abortion. However, different studies reported conflicting results about the use of serum CA-125 to determine the prognosis of threatened abortion. In the present study, we try to determine if the measurement of CA-125 level could be used as a predictor of outcome in women with threatened abortion.Materials & Methods: This prospective case-control study was performed on 58 patients with threatened abortion and 58 healthy pregnant women with a gestational age of fewer than 20 weeks (as the control group). In both groups, serum CA-125 level was measured. The patients were followed to determine who completed the pregnancy period and who eventually miscarried. Finally, the levels of CA-125 in these groups were compared.Results: The mean age of patients was 28.47 and 27.84 in the case and control groups, respectively; there was no significant statistical difference between the two groups (95% CI: -1.94 to 3.18, P < /em>=0.632). Also, there was no significant difference between them for BMI (95% CI: -1.09 to 1.38, P < /em>=0.813), gestational age (95% CI: -1.31 to 1.04, P < /em>=0.816), and parity (P < /em>=0.51). The mean serum level of CA-125 in the control group was 22.51 ± 6.82 IU/mL, and in the threatened abortion group was 27.70 ± 7.50 IU/mL. This difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). Of the patients, 51.72% with threatened abortion continued their pregnancy, and 48.28% eventually miscarried. The mean serum levels of CA-125 were 25.30±6.63 IU/mL and 30.28±7.63 IU/ml in patients who continued the pregnancy and miscarried, respectively (P < /em>=0.01).Conclusion: A single measurement of the maternal CA-125 may be used as an available, inexpensive prognostic test to determine the outcome of threatened abortion. However, a small number of patients is the main limitation of the present study. More studies with a larger sample size are required to accept the role of maternal CA-125 in predicting the outcome of threatened miscarriage.
Monireh Rahimkhani; Alireza Mordadi; Mohammad Zayandeh; Laya Sam
Volume 3, Issue 3 , September and October 2018, , Pages 111-114
Abstract
Aims: Preterm labors and abortions are among dangers that threaten mothers’ and infants’ lives. Several bacterial, viral, and parasitic agents can cause preterm labor and abortion. Among these bacterial agents, Chlamydia trachomatis plays a very key role. The aim of this study was to detect ...
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Aims: Preterm labors and abortions are among dangers that threaten mothers’ and infants’ lives. Several bacterial, viral, and parasitic agents can cause preterm labor and abortion. Among these bacterial agents, Chlamydia trachomatis plays a very key role. The aim of this study was to detect and isolate Chlamydia trachomatis from urine and its role in preterm labor.
Materials & Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out from 2016 to 2017 in AlMahdi Clinic under the supervision of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. 119 pregnant women who were in the first trimester of pregnancy (between 12 and 14 weeks) referred to a health center for screening tests were selected using available sampling method and were collected their urine samples. The obtained samples were centrifuged and the DNA was extracted from urine sediment. Using specific PCR kits for detecting Chlamydia trachomatis, the presence or absence of this bacteria was investigated in the urine sediment. The data were analyzed using Chi square test.
Findings: The rate of isolating Chlamydia trachomatis from the urine of these pregnant women was 6.72%. There was no significant relationship between chlamydia infection and history of abortion (p=0.93).
Conclusion: The level of the isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis from the urine of pregnant women is twice more than the level of its isolation from samples taken from vaginal and cervical discharge in pregnant women. Therefore, urine is an appropriate sample for the diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis since the sampling method is non-invasive and has more positive cases
Masoumeh Fallahian; Shahrzad Tavana
Volume 1, Issue 1 , May and June 2016
Abstract
Abortion is desperately selected by some females who cannot continue their unintended pregnancies in all societies, some will suffer complications and some will die. Annual number of induced abortion has increased in the developing countries but the maternal death related to unsafe abortion has declined ...
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Abortion is desperately selected by some females who cannot continue their unintended pregnancies in all societies, some will suffer complications and some will die. Annual number of induced abortion has increased in the developing countries but the maternal death related to unsafe abortion has declined in the world since 2003. Medical abortion has contributes to this decline. In Iran, abortion rate of one per four female is estimated. The current study evaluated the technique of induced abortion among mothers with parity score of 0 - 1 (0.49), who attempted abortion; approximately 65 females performed induced abortion medically by misoprostol in 50.7%, surgically by curettage in 28% and manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) or vacuum curettage in 18% of the cases at the gestational age of six weeks. Since previously mentioned technique of abortion was surgical; the unsafe and clandestine abortions with 1.35% maternal death in the 1990s later changed to medical abortion by dinoprostone (prostaglandin E2) in the 2000s and now medical abortion is replaced by misoprostol (prostaglandin E1) in the 2010s. Complete abortion occurred in approximately 60% of the misoprostol cases. The parity score and gestational age in abortion cases have declined. Failure of withdrawal method of contraception (57%) and unmet need to modern effective contraception are contributing factors in these abortions. The trends in abortion are replaced by medical abortion with less morbidity at earlier stages of pregnancy. Traditional contraception and lack of effective contraceptive facilities and accessibilities are likely to increase unintended pregnancies and consequently abortions as well.
