Gynecology Oncology
Mahdis Mohamadianamiri; Hossein Shirazi; Majid Aklamli; Kobra Tahermanesh; Shahin Keshtkar Rajabi
Volume 8, Issue 1 , January and February 2023, , Pages 29-34
Abstract
Background & Objective: There are controversial results and paucity of data regarding the role of prolactin hormone in triple negative breast cancer. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the role of prolactin receptor as a predictive factor in patients with triple negative breast cancer.Materials ...
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Background & Objective: There are controversial results and paucity of data regarding the role of prolactin hormone in triple negative breast cancer. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the role of prolactin receptor as a predictive factor in patients with triple negative breast cancer.Materials & Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical study. All patients referred to three referral hospitals with triple negative breast cancer (ER−, PR−, HER-2−), were assessed to be included in the study. Patients' slides and blocks were re-examined for prolactin receptor by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, the association between the tumor size and grade was examined with prolactin receptor. Clinical characteristics and pathological features were recorded in researcher made questionnaire.Results: In total, 25 patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) entered the study. Mean and standard deviation (SD) of tumor size in prolactin negative and positive groups were 4.82 ± 5.05 and 3.37 ± 1.61 cm, respectively with no significant difference (P-value> 0.05). Also, there was no statistically significant association between the tumor grade and prolactin receptor status (P-value = 0.056). Moreover, there was no statistically significant association between lymph nodes involvement and prolactin receptor status using Fisher’s exact test (P-value = 0.9). However, mean ± SD of age in negative and positive prolactin groups were 45.73 ± 12.12 and 56.60 ± 9.84, respectively with a statistically significant difference (P-value = 0.026).Conclusion: We did not find any association between prolactin receptor status and tumor size or grade in TNBC. Nonetheless, there is still ambiguity regarding the role of prolactin receptor expression in development of breast cancer. The controversial results are probably due to different effects of prolactin receptor in various breast cancer subtypes, which should be assessed in further trials.
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Shahnaz Ahmadi; Katayoon Farahani; Majid Aklamli; Kambiz Ahmadi; Niloufar Beheshti
Volume 7, Issue 3 , January and February 2022, , Pages 186-191
Abstract
Background & Objective: Spinal analgesia and Entonox analgesia are used as pain relief methods during labor. This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the effect of spinal analgesia and Entonox analgesia on the duration of the first, second, and third stages of labor, Apgar score, and ...
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Background & Objective: Spinal analgesia and Entonox analgesia are used as pain relief methods during labor. This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the effect of spinal analgesia and Entonox analgesia on the duration of the first, second, and third stages of labor, Apgar score, and maternal and fetal outcomes.Materials & Methods: Clinical information of 1,000 patients who delivered at Shahid Akbarabadi Hospital and underwent painless delivery with Entonox gas and spinal anesthesia was assessed; then, according to the inclusion criteria, 280 cases were divided into two groups: the spinal analgesia group (n=140) and Entonox analgesia group (n=140). In the spinal analgesia group, 25 μg of fentanyl and 1-2 mg of bupivacaine were administered. For the Entonox group, Entonox inhalation was administered via a face mask at the initiation of pain at each contraction. The duration of labor, mode of delivery, side effects, and maternal satisfaction were also compared in the two groups.Results: The duration of the first stage was significantly shorter in the spinal analgesia group than in the Entonox analgesia group (P < /em><0.001), but the duration of the second stage in the spinal analgesia group was longer (P < /em><0.001). There were no significant differences in the cesarean section rates, Apgar score, weight, and acidity (PH) and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) between the two groups. Measured pain was significantly lower in the spinal analgesia group (P < /em>=0.01) than in the Entonox analgesia group regarding visual analog scale (VAS) scores.Conclusion: Spinal analgesia is a safe, suitable, and effective method for pain reduction with no adverse effects on the outcome of labor compared to Entonox analgesia.
