Authors
- Mahrokh Abouali Gale Dari 1
- Mona Keivan 2
- Farideh Moramezi 3
- Najmieh Saadati 3
- Roshan Nikbakht 3
- Maryam Farzaneh 3
1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
2 Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
3 Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that affecting women of reproductive age. Several genetic and environmental factors are contributed to the progression of PCOS. Experimental discoveries have begun to evaluate the mechanisms involved in PCOS. There is a mechanistic link between long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and the pathogenesis of PCOS. LncRNAs are a class of transcripts that mediate the process of gene expressions at the level of transcription and post-transcription. It has been found that lncRNA MALAT-1 presents a vital role in regulating PCOS. MALAT-1 as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) can suppress microRNAs (miRNAs) and decrease granulosa cell proliferation, apoptosis, and pathogenesis. In the present article, we summarize the functions of the lncRNA MALAT-1/miRNA axes in PCOS.
Keywords
- [1] Mu Y, Cheng D, Yin T-l, Yang J, Vitamin D and polycystic ovary syndrome: A narrative review. Reproductive Sciences 2021; 28: 2110-2117. [2] Joham A E, Piltonen T, Lujan M E, Kiconco S, Tay C T, Challenges in diagnosis and understanding of natural history of polycystic ovary syndrome. Clinical Endocrinology 2022: [3] Zehravi M, Maqbool M, Ara I, Polycystic ovary syndrome and infertility: an update. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 2021: [4] Kshetrimayum C, Sharma A, Mishra V V, Kumar S, Polycystic ovarian syndrome: Environmental/occupational, lifestyle factors; an overview. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc 2019; 20: 255-263. [5] Ashraf S, Nabi M, Rasool S u A, Rashid F, Amin S, Hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovarian syndrome and role of CYP gene variants: a review. Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics 2019; 20: 25. [6] Liu Q, Xie Y-j, Qu L-h, Zhang M-x, Mo Z-c, Dyslipidemia involvement in the development of polycystic ovary syndrome. Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2019; 58: 447-453. [7] Moghetti P, Tosi F, Insulin resistance and PCOS: chicken or egg? Journal of Endocrinological Investigation 2021; 44: 233-244. [8] Thong E P, Lim S S, Obesity, Diabetes and Reproductive Health, in: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine, Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., 2021. [9] Mohammadi M, Oxidative stress and polycystic ovary syndrome: a brief review. International journal of preventive medicine 2019; 10: [10] Barber T M, Hanson P, Weickert M O, Franks S, Obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome: implications for pathogenesis and novel management strategies. Clinical Medicine Insights: Reproductive Health 2019; 13: 1179558119874042. [11] Muhas C, Nishad K, Naseef P, Vajid K A, An Overview on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 6 2021: 19-30. [12] Asfari M M, Sarmini M T, Baidoun F, Al-Khadra Y, Ezzaizi Y, Dasarathy S, McCullough A, Association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and polycystic ovarian syndrome. BMJ open gastroenterology 2020; 7: e000352. [13] Shengir M, Chen T, Guadagno E, Ramanakumar A V, Ghali P, Deschenes M, Wong P, Krishnamurthy S, Sebastiani G, Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in premenopausal women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. JGH Open 2021; 5: 434-445. [14] Krysiak R, Szkróbka W, Okopień B, The impact of atorvastatin on cardiometabolic risk factors in brothers of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Pharmacological Reports 2021; 73: 261-268. [15] Cooney L G, Dokras A, Cardiometabolic Risk in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Current Guidelines. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics 2021; 50: 83-95. [16] De Leo V, Musacchio M, Cappelli V, Massaro M, Morgante G, Petraglia F, Genetic, hormonal and metabolic aspects of PCOS: an update. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 2016; 14: 1-17. [17] Khan M J, Ullah A, Basit S, Genetic basis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): current perspectives. The application of clinical genetics 2019; 12: 249. [18] Khan G H, The diagnostic and prognostic role of proteomics and metabolomics in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, in, University of Nottingham, 2018. [19] de Melo A S, Dias S V, de Carvalho Cavalli R, Cardoso V C, Bettiol H, Barbieri M A, Ferriani R A, Vieira C S, Pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome: multifactorial assessment from the foetal stage to menopause. Reproduction 2015; 150: R11-R24. [20] Elkind-Hirsch K E, Chappell N, Seidemann E, Storment J, Bellanger D, Exenatide, dapagliflozin or phentermine/topiramate differentially affect metabolic profiles in polycystic ovary syndrome. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2021: [21] Xu Y, Tang J, Guo Q, Xu Y, Yan K, Wu L, Xie K, Zhu A, Rong X, Ye D, Traditional Chinese Medicine formula FTZ protects against polycystic ovary syndrome through modulating adiponectin-mediated fat-ovary crosstalk in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2021; 268: 113587. [22] Zhang S-w, Zhou J, Gober H-J, Leung W T, Wang L, Effect and mechanism of berberine against polycystic ovary syndrome. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 2021; 138: 111468. [23] Saito S, Yamamoto M, Iwaizumi S, Yoshida H, Shigeta H, Laparoscopic surgery for massive ovarian edema during pregnancy: A case report. Case Reports in Women's Health 2021; 31: e00318. [24] Tu M, Wu Y, Mu L, Zhang D, Long non-coding RNAs: novel players in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome. Annals of Translational Medicine 2021; 9: [25] Wawrzkiewicz-Jałowiecka A, Kowalczyk K, Trybek P, Jarosz T, Radosz P, Setlak M, Madej P, In Search of New Therapeutics—Molecular Aspects of the PCOS Pathophysiology: Genetics, Hormones, Metabolism and Beyond. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020; 21: 7054. [26] Jia L-Y, Feng J-X, Li J-L, Liu F-Y, Xie L-z, Luo S-J, Han F-J, The Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Review of Clinical Application and Mechanism. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021; 2021: [27] Che Q, Liu M, Zhang D, Lu Y, Xu J, Lu X, Cao X, Liu Y, Dong X, Liu S, Long noncoding RNA HUPCOS promotes follicular fluid androgen excess in PCOS patients via aromatase inhibition. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2020; 105: 1086-1097. [28] Anbiyaiee A, Ramazii M, Bajestani S S, Meybodi S M, Keivan M, Khoshnam S E, Farzaneh M, The function of LncRNA-ATB in cancer. Clinical and Translational Oncology 2022: 1-9. [29] Sun L, Zhang P, Lu W, lncRNA MALAT1 Regulates Mouse Granulosa Cell Apoptosis and 17β-Estradiol Synthesis via Regulating miR-205/CREB1 Axis. BioMed Research International 2021; 2021: [30] Pielok A, Marycz K, Non-coding RNAs as potential novel biomarkers for early diagnosis of hepatic insulin resistance. International journal of molecular sciences 2020; 21: 4182. [31] Xu W-W, Jin J, Wu X-y, Ren Q-L, Farzaneh M, MALAT1-related signaling pathways in colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell International 2022; 22: 1-9. [32] Arun G, Aggarwal D, Spector D L, MALAT1 long non-coding RNA: Functional implications. Non-coding RNA 2020; 6: 22. [33] Wei Y, Niu B, Role of MALAT1 as a Prognostic Factor for Survival in Various Cancers: A Systematic Review of the Literature with Meta-Analysis. Disease Markers 2015; 2015: 164635. [34] Qiao F-H, Tu M, Liu H-Y, Role of MALAT1 in gynecological cancers: Pathologic and therapeutic aspects. Oncology Letters 2021; 21: 1-8. [35] Lu X, Chen D, Yang F, Xing N, Quercetin inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and promotes apoptosis in prostate cancer via downregulating lncRNA MALAT1. Cancer management and research 2020; 12: 1741. [36] Dai Q, Zhang T, Li C, LncRNA MALAT1 regulates the cell proliferation and cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer via PI3K/AKT pathway. Cancer management and research 2020; 12: 1929. [37] Li P, Zhang X, Wang H, Wang L, Liu T, Du L, Yang Y, Wang C, MALAT1 is associated with poor response to oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients and promotes chemoresistance through EZH2. Molecular cancer therapeutics 2017; 16: 739-751. [38] Zhang H, Li W, Gu W, Yan Y, Yao X, Zheng J, MALAT1 accelerates the development and progression of renal cell carcinoma by decreasing the expression of miR‐203 and promoting the expression of BIRC5. Cell proliferation 2019; 52: e12640. [39] Ji D-G, Guan L-Y, Luo X, Ma F, Yang B, Liu H-Y, Inhibition of MALAT1 sensitizes liver cancer cells to 5-flurouracil by regulating apoptosis through IKKα/NF-κB pathway. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 2018; 501: 33-40. [40] Sun R, Qin C, Jiang B, Fang S, Pan X, Peng L, Liu Z, Li W, Li Y, Li G, Down-regulation of MALAT1 inhibits cervical cancer cell invasion and metastasis by inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Mol Biosyst 2016; 12: 952-962. [41] Fu S, Wang Y, Li H, Chen L, Liu Q, Regulatory Networks of LncRNA MALAT-1 in Cancer. Cancer Management and Research 2020; 12: 10181. [42] Li Q, Dai Y, Wang F, Hou S, Differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs and the prognostic potential in colorectal cancer. Neoplasma 2016; 63: 977-983. [43] Chen Y, Chen Y, Cui X, He Q, Li H, Down-regulation of MALAT1 aggravates polycystic ovary syndrome by regulating MiR-302d-3p-mediated leukemia inhibitory factor activity. Life sciences 2021; 277: 119076. [44] Ma Y, Ma L, Cao Y, Zhai J, Construction of a ceRNA-based lncRNA-mRNA network to identify functional lncRNAs in polycystic ovarian syndrome. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13: 8481. [45] Chen H, Cheng S, Xiong W, Tan X, The lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network in mural granulosa cells of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: an analysis of Gene Expression Omnibus data. Ann Transl Med 2021; 9: [46] Ratti M, Lampis A, Ghidini M, Salati M, Mirchev M B, Valeri N, Hahne J C, MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as New Tools for Cancer Therapy: First Steps from Bench to Bedside. Target Oncol 2020; 15: 261-278. [47] Ying H, Ebrahimi M, Keivan M, Khoshnam S E, Salahi S, Farzaneh M, miRNAs; a novel strategy for the treatment of COVID‐19. Cell biology international 2021; 45: 2045-2053. [48] Zhang X, Hamblin M H, Yin K-J, The long noncoding RNA Malat1: Its physiological and pathophysiological functions. RNA Biol 2017; 14: 1705-1714. [49] Amodio N, Raimondi L, Juli G, Stamato M A, Caracciolo D, Tagliaferri P, Tassone P, MALAT1: a druggable long non-coding RNA for targeted anti-cancer approaches. Journal of hematology & oncology 2018; 11: 1-19. [50] Donlic A, Zafferani M, Padroni G, Puri M, Hargrove A E, Regulation of MALAT1 triple helix stability and in vitro degradation by diphenylfurans. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48: 7653-7664. [51] Brown J A, Valenstein M L, Yario T A, Tycowski K T, Steitz J A, Formation of triple-helical structures by the 3′-end sequences of MALAT1 and MENβ noncoding RNAs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2012; 109: 19202-19207. [52] McCown P J, Wang M C, Jaeger L, Brown J A, Secondary structural model of human MALAT1 reveals multiple structure–function relationships. International journal of molecular sciences 2019; 20: 5610. [53] Song Z, Lin J, Li Z, Huang C, The nuclear functions of long noncoding RNAs come into focus. Non-coding RNA Research 2021: [54] Zeber-Lubecka N, Hennig E E, Genetic Susceptibility to Joint Occurrence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis: How Far Is Our Understanding? Frontiers in Immunology 2021; 12: 71. [55] Kim S H, Kim S H, Yang W I, Kim S J, Yoon S O, Association of the long non-coding RNA MALAT1 with the polycomb repressive complex pathway in T and NK cell lymphoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8: 31305. [56] Amodio N, Raimondi L, Juli G, Stamato M A, Caracciolo D, Tagliaferri P, Tassone P, MALAT1: a druggable long non-coding RNA for targeted anti-cancer approaches. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11: 63-63. [57] Zhang X-Z, Liu H, Chen S-R, Mechanisms of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancers and Their Dynamic Regulations. Cancers 2020; 12: 1245. [58] Zhao K, Jin S, Wei B, Cao S, Xiong Z, Association study of genetic variation of lncRNA MALAT1 with carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10: 6257-6261. [59] Li Y, Liu Y-d, Chen S-l, Chen X, Ye D-s, Zhou X-y, Zhe J, Zhang J, Down-regulation of long non-coding RNA MALAT1 inhibits granulosa cell proliferation in endometriosis by up-regulating P21 via activation of the ERK/MAPK pathway. MHR: Basic science of reproductive medicine 2019; 25: 17-29. [60] Tu M, Wu Y, Wang F, Huang Y, Qian Y, Li J, Lv P, Ying Y, Liu J, Liu Y, Zhang R, Zhao W, Zhang D, Effect of lncRNA MALAT1 on the Granulosa Cell Proliferation and Pregnancy Outcome in Patients With PCOS. Frontiers in endocrinology 2022; 13: 825431-825431. [61] Zhang D, Tang H Y, Tan L, Zhao D M, MALAT1 is involved in the pathophysiological process of PCOS by modulating TGFβ signaling in granulosa cells. Molecular and cellular endocrinology 2020; 499: 110589. [62] Raja-Khan N, Urbanek M, Rodgers R J, Legro R S, The role of TGF-β in polycystic ovary syndrome. Reprod Sci 2014; 21: 20-31. [63] Li Y, Xiang Y, Song Y, Zhang D, Tan L, MALAT1 downregulation is associated with polycystic ovary syndrome via binding with MDM2 and repressing P53 degradation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 543: 111528. [64] Zhang P, Wang J, Lang H, Wang W, Liu X, Liu H, Tan C, Li X, Zhao Y, Wu X, Knockdown of CREB1 promotes apoptosis and decreases estradiol synthesis in mouse granulosa cells. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 2018; 105: 1141-1146. [65] Zhang P, Wang J, Lang H, Wang W, Liu X, Liu H, Tan C, Li X, Zhao Y, Wu X, MicroRNA‐205 affects mouse granulosa cell apoptosis and estradiol synthesis by targeting CREB1. Journal of cellular biochemistry 2019; 120: 8466-8474. [66] Sun L, Zhang P, Lu W, lncRNA MALAT1 Regulates Mouse Granulosa Cell Apoptosis and 17β-Estradiol Synthesis via Regulating miR-205/CREB1 Axis. Biomed Res Int 2021; 2021: 6671814-6671814.
)