Authors
- Roya KaboodMehri 1
- seyedeh hajar sharami 2
- Sodabeh Kazemi 2
- Mandana Mansour Ghanaei 1
- Seyedeh Fatemeh Dalil Heirati 3
- Zahra Pourhabibi 4
- Sina Montazeri 5
1 Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Al-zahra Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
2 Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Al-zahraHospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
3 Reproductive Health Research Center, , Al-zahra Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
4 Vice-Chancellorship of Research and Technology, Guilan University of Medical Science, Rasht
5 Reproductive Health Research Center, Al-Zahra Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Abstract
Background and objective: Anti Mullerian hormone (AMH) level is a practical index of ovarian reserve and an indicator of ovarian response in infertile women. The aim of this study was to evaluating relationship between AMH levels and demographic factors.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, conducted in Al-zahra hospital Rasht in the north of Iran, 234 patients, 18-45 years old, were enrolled. The demographic parameters (e.g. age, education, habitat and etc.) and AMH levels were recorded for each patient. The patients were devided into two groups based on their AMH levels [group 1:less than 1.1 (ng/ml) vs. group 2:more than (1.1 ng/ml)].The data were analyzed by SPSS-21 software.
Results: The mean AMH level was 2.66 ng/ml. Age, education status and habitat showed significant differences among subjects with AMH levels, so that with aging the AMH levels decreased. Patients living in villages or the ones with low educational degrees and those with higher parities also revealed lower levels of AMH (p<0.05).
Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between age, educational status and habitat with AMH values. Similar to other studies, we believe, that with aging the AMH levels decrease. Furthermore, the other two aforementioned demographic features could affect a woman’s ovarian reserve and fertility status, too.
Keywords
- [1] Nourani S, Joneidy E, Shakeri MT, Mokhber N. Comparison of quality of life in fertile and infertile women referred to the public clinics in Mashhad. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility. 2012;15(7):24-31. [2] Gudmundsdottir SL, Flanders WD, Augestad LB. Physical activity and fertility in women: the North-Trøndelag Health Study. Human reproduction (Oxford, England). 2009 Dec;24(12):3196-204. PubMed PMID: 19801570. Epub 2009/10/06. eng. [3] LA MARCA A, Giulini S, Tirelli A, Bertucci E, Marsella T, Xella S, et al. Anti-mullerian hormone measurement on any day of the menstrual cycle strongly predict ovarian response in assisted reproductive technology. 2006. [4] Hosein Rashidi B, Kabodmehri R, Shariat M, Shahrokh Tehraninejad E, Abdollahi A, Bagheri M, et al. Luteinizing hormone changes in gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist protocol in in vitro fertilization cycles: A cross-sectional study. International journal of reproductive biomedicine. 2019 Mar;17(3):209-16. PubMed PMID: 31435601. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC6661140. Epub 2019/08/23. eng. [5] Ubaldi F, Vaiarelli A, D'Anna R, Rienzi L. Management of poor responders in IVF: is there anything new? BioMed research international. 2014;2014:352098. PubMed PMID: 25136579. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC4127291. Epub 2014/08/20. eng. [6] Jirge PR, Chougule SM, Gavali VG, Bhomkar DA. Impact of dehydroepiandrosterone on clinical outcome in poor responders: A pilot study in women undergoing in vitro fertilization, using bologna criteria. Journal of human reproductive sciences. 2014 Jul;7(3):175-80. PubMed PMID: 25395742. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC4229792. Epub 2014/11/15. eng. [7] La Marca A, Sighinolfi G, Radi D, Argento C, Baraldi E, Artenisio AC, et al. Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) as a predictive marker in assisted reproductive technology (ART). Human reproduction update. 2010 Mar-Apr;16(2):113-30. PubMed PMID: 19793843. Epub 2009/10/02. eng. [8] Jayaprakasan K, Campbell B, Hopkisson J, Johnson I, Raine-Fenning N. A prospective, comparative analysis of anti-Müllerian hormone, inhibin-B, and three-dimensional ultrasound determinants of ovarian reserve in the prediction of poor response to controlled ovarian stimulation. Fertility and sterility. 2010;93(3):855-64. [9] Visser JA, de Jong FH, Laven JS, Themmen AP. Anti-Müllerian hormone: a new marker for ovarian function. Reproduction (Cambridge, England). 2006 Jan;131(1):1-9. PubMed PMID: 16388003. Epub 2006/01/03. eng. [10] Bentzen JG, Forman JL, Johannsen TH, Pinborg A, Larsen EC, Andersen AN. Ovarian antral follicle subclasses and anti-mullerian hormone during normal reproductive aging. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2013 Apr;98(4):1602-11. PubMed PMID: 23463653. Epub 2013/03/07. eng. [11] Steiner AZ, Herring AH, Kesner JS, Meadows JW, Stanczyk FZ, Hoberman S, et al. Antimüllerian hormone as a predictor of natural fecundability in women aged 30-42 years. Obstetrics and gynecology. 2011 Apr;117(4):798-804. PubMed PMID: 21422850. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC3825553. Epub 2011/03/23. eng. [12] Schuh-Huerta SM, Johnson NA, Rosen MP, Sternfeld B, Cedars MI, Reijo Pera RA. Genetic variants and environmental factors associated with hormonal markers of ovarian reserve in Caucasian and African American women. Human reproduction (Oxford, England). 2012 Feb;27(2):594-608. PubMed PMID: 22116950. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC3258032. Epub 2011/11/26. eng. [13] Shaw CM, Stanczyk FZ, Egleston BL, Kahle LL, Spittle CS, Godwin AK, et al. Serum antimüllerian hormone in healthy premenopausal women. Fertility and sterility. 2011 Jun 30;95(8):2718-21. PubMed PMID: 21704216. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC3163405. Epub 2011/06/28. eng. [14] Olive DL, Palter SF, Moreno JLG. Reproductive Physiology. In: Berek JS, editor. Berek & Novak’s Gynecology. 1. 16th EDITION ed: Wolters Kluwer; 2020. p. 113-30. [15] Jung S, Allen N, Arslan AA, Baglietto L, Brinton LA, Egleston BL, et al. Demographic, lifestyle, and other factors in relation to antimüllerian hormone levels in mostly late premenopausal women. Fertility and sterility. 2017 Apr;107(4):1012-22 e2. PubMed PMID: 28366409. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC5426228. Epub 2017/04/04. eng. [16]. Bernardi LA, Carnethon MR, de Chavez PJ, Ikhena DE, Neff LM, Baird DD, et al. Relationship between obesity and anti-Müllerian hormone in reproductive-aged African American women. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md). 2017 Jan;25(1):229-35. PubMed PMID: 27925445. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC5182136. Epub 2016/12/08. eng. [17] Park S, Kim S, Jin H, Lee K, Bae J. Impaired development of female mouse offspring maternally exposed to simazine. Environmental toxicology and pharmacology. 2014;38(3):845-51. [18] Moir D, Rickert WS, Levasseur G, Larose Y, Maertens R, White P, et al. A comparison of mainstream and sidestream marijuana and tobacco cigarette smoke produced under two machine smoking conditions. Chemical research in toxicology. 2008;21(2):494-502. [19] White AJ, Sandler DP, D'Aloisio AA, Stanczyk F, Whitworth KW, Baird DD, et al. Antimüllerian hormone in relation to tobacco and marijuana use and sources of indoor heating/cooking. Fertility and sterility. 2016 Sep 1;106(3):723-30. PubMed PMID: 27240193. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC5010988. Epub 2016/05/31. eng. [20] Dólleman M, Verschuren WM, Eijkemans MJ, Dollé ME, Jansen EH, Broekmans FJ, et al. Reproductive and lifestyle determinants of anti-Müllerian hormone in a large population-based study. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2013 May;98(5):2106-15. PubMed PMID: 23533229. Epub 2013/03/28. eng. [21] Kristensen SL, Ramlau-Hansen CH, Andersen CY, Ernst E, Olsen SF, Bonde JP, et al. The association between circulating levels of antimüllerian hormone and follicle number, androgens, and menstrual cycle characteristics in young women. Fertility and sterility. 2012;97(3):779-85. [22] Hagen CP, Vestergaard S, Juul A, Skakkebæk NE, Andersson A-M, Main KM, et al. Low concentration of circulating antimüllerian hormone is not predictive of reduced fecundability in young healthy women: a prospective cohort study. Fertility and sterility. 2012;98(6):1602-8. e2. [23] Rezaei Z, Valadan M, Zabihi Soltani E. Comparison of Serum Levels of AMH and FSH Before and After Unilateral and Bilateral Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling in PCOS Women Referred to YAS Infertility Clinic. J Obstet Gynecol Cancer Res. 2020; 5 (2) :44-48 [24] Rezaie Keikhaie K, Kaveh M, Bahrami F, Sadegi K, Kamali A, Afshari M. Comparing the Changes of AMH Level Following Two Methods of Laparoscopic Cystectomy for Evaluating Ovarian Reserve in Patients with Endometrioma. J Obstet Gynecol Cancer Res. 2021; 6 (3) :110-115 [25] Korsholm AS, Petersen KB, Bentzen JG, Hilsted LM, Andersen AN, Hvidman HW. Investigation of anti-Müllerian hormone concentrations in relation to natural conception rate and time to pregnancy. Reprod Biomed Online. 2018 May;36(5):568-75. PubMed PMID: 29478840. Epub 2018/02/27. eng. [26] Bragg JM, Kuzawa CW, Agustin SS, Banerjee MN, McDade TW. Age at menarche and parity are independently associated with Anti-Müllerian hormone, a marker of ovarian reserve, in Filipino young adult women. American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council. 2012 Nov-Dec;24(6):739-45. PubMed PMID: 22915230. Epub 2012/08/24. eng.
)