Obstetrics and Gynecology
Omarov Nazarbek Bakytbekovich; Ahmed Al-Hili; Duaa Hamid Ali; Aisha Kamal Mahmoud; Entsar Hachim Muhammad; Ahmed S. Abed; Marwa Jabbar Saiwan; Haider Hussain Jlood
Volume 8, Issue 3 , May and June 2023, , Pages 277-284
Abstract
Background & Objective: Cervical cancer screening is crucial for the early detection and prevention of this disease in women. Due to the prevalence of cervical cancer in Iraq, the current study aimed to improve Pap smear screening practices.Materials & Methods: The present semi-experimental ...
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Background & Objective: Cervical cancer screening is crucial for the early detection and prevention of this disease in women. Due to the prevalence of cervical cancer in Iraq, the current study aimed to improve Pap smear screening practices.Materials & Methods: The present semi-experimental study was conducted in 2019 on 192 Baghdad-based women aged 20 to 60 with active medical records. Two groups of 96 people, intervention and control, were created. The intervention group received training based on the constructs of health belief and stages of change models to enhance Pap smear screening behavior. The control group participated in routine training on Pap smear screening behavior in health centers from health professionals. The participants completed a questionnaire created by the researchers in the pre-test and post-test stages. For data analysis, version 19 of SPSS statistical software and independent t-tests, paired t-tests, chi-square, and Fisher's exact test were utilized.Results: A p-value of less than 0.05 was deemed statistically significant. Before the educational intervention, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the stages of behavior change (P>0.05). However, after the educational intervention, the intervention group significantly differed from the control group in the Pap smear screening change (P<0.01). Also, based on the paired t-test, the mean scores of the intervention group's knowledge, susceptibility, severity, barriers, and self-efficacy were significant before and after the intervention (P<0.05). After the intervention, the intervention group demonstrated significantly higher Pap smear screening behavior than the control group (P<0.01).Conclusion: The utilization of educational intervention of the stages of change and health beliefs models has proven to be highly effective in bringing individuals to the action stage.
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Tajossadat Allameh; Maryam Dehghan
Volume 6, Issue 4 , August 2021, , Pages 202-208
Abstract
Background & Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate colposcopic, endocervical curettage (ECC) and endometrial curettage (EMC) findings in comparison with Pap smears findings.Materials & Methods: Out of 100,000 Pap smears, a total number of 75 eligible women with atypical ...
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Background & Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate colposcopic, endocervical curettage (ECC) and endometrial curettage (EMC) findings in comparison with Pap smears findings.Materials & Methods: Out of 100,000 Pap smears, a total number of 75 eligible women with atypical glandular cells (AGCs) referred to gynecology clinics in Isfahan, Iran, and seventy women were selected to undergo Pap smear test, colposcopic examination and ECC. EMC was performed in women older than 35. Pap smear test results were classified as normal, inflammation, AGCs and necrosis. Colposcopy, ECC and EMC findings were classified as normal, benign and malignant pathologic lesions.Results: Repetitive Pap smears findings were as follows: 15.7% were normal, 77.2% had inflammation, 4% had AGC and 3.1% had necrosis. Based on colposcopy findings, 61.2%, 7.5%, and 31.3% of the samples were classified as normal, benign and malignant, respectively. ECC findings in 95.5% of women was indicative of benign lesions and malignant lesions in 4.5%. EMC findings showed that 79.7% were normal, 8.5% had benign lesions and 11.9% had malignant lesions. Pap smears with several AGCs were associated with benign lesions in 24.2% of the cases and premalignant and malignant lesions in 14.2% of the cases.Conclusion: According to our study, due to the significant association between AGC cytology and pathologic cervical and endometrial lesions, intensive assessment is necessary in women with AGC Pap smears, especially in older and post-menopausal women, in order to reduce mortality.
Gynecology Oncology
Khadijeh Elmizadeh; Fatemeh Lalooha; Shahrzad Sheikh Hassani; Solmaz Chmanara
Volume 6, Issue 1 , January 2021, , Pages 16-21
Abstract
Background & Objective: This study aimed to examine the extent to which postcoital bleeding (PCB) can be a predictive factor for cervical cancer.Materials & Methods: In this observational study we selected and evaluated 280 females with PCB referred to Kowsar Hospital of Qazvin, Iran from 2017 ...
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Background & Objective: This study aimed to examine the extent to which postcoital bleeding (PCB) can be a predictive factor for cervical cancer.Materials & Methods: In this observational study we selected and evaluated 280 females with PCB referred to Kowsar Hospital of Qazvin, Iran from 2017 to 2019.Results: Among the 189 patients diagnosed as normal in their Pap smear results, one patient had cancer in her biopsy results. A closer look at the biopsy results of the patients showed 45 patients as normal, 64 patients with cervical infection, 31 patients with polyp cervix, 45 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (CIN 1), and one patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Among 63 patients diagnosed with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), three showed CIN 2 and CIN 3 in their biopsies. Furthermore, out of 21 patients with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), three patients had CIN 2 and CIN 3, one patient had carcinoma, and one had SCC. In addition, all of the patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HGSIL) were diagnosed with CIN 2, CIN 3, and SCC.Conclusion: Because of the higher rate of cervical cancer in women with PCB and inconsistent screening programs in developing countries, it is essential to carefully consider the symptoms of PCB despite having a normal Pap smear.
Farah Farzaneh; Farzaneh Jamdar; Sarang Younesi; Mehdi Taheri Amin; Pourandokht Saadati; Fariba Navidpour; Payam Balvayeh; Robabeh Ghodssi-Ghasemabadi; Maryam Sadat Hosseini
Volume 4, Issue 1 , March and April 2019, , Pages 29-35
Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer is one of the common cancers in developing countries, which has a high rate of mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology among Iranian women.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, cervical cytological results of 137,484 Iranian ...
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Background: Cervical cancer is one of the common cancers in developing countries, which has a high rate of mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology among Iranian women.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, cervical cytological results of 137,484 Iranian women, who were screened for cervical cancer in Tehran and 12 other provinces of Iran from 2013 to 2016, were investigated. The Pap smear was prepared by a liquid-based method and evaluated by a pathologist.
Results: The overall prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology in the studied population was 3%. The mean age of the population was 35.77 ± 9.6. In this study, the prevalence of abnormal cytology in 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016 was 2.10%, 2.68%, 3.47%, and 3.60%, respectively. The rate of the abnormal Pap smear has increased over the years, and this trend has been statistically significant (P < /em><0.001). In this population, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) cytology was the most common abnormal Pap smear (1.96%).
Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology has been significantly increased in Iran in recent years. This increase requires careful monitoring of general education programs, strict cervical cancer screening, and routine vaccination against HPV infection.
Soheila Aminimoghaddam
Volume 1, Issue 2 , September and October 2016
