Gynecology Oncology
Somayyeh Noei Teymoordash; Maliheh Arab; Maryam Talayeh; Masoomeh Raoufi; Behnaz Ghavami; Behnaz Nouri
Volume 6, Issue 2 , March 2021, , Pages 99-104
Abstract
Background: A variety of presentations may be manifested by retained sponge, including intestinal obstruction, intestinal fistula, malabsorption syndrome and chronic pain from adhesions; in some cases, it may have an asymptomatic clinical course.Case report: In a 41-year-old female, gravida 4 para 4, ...
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Background: A variety of presentations may be manifested by retained sponge, including intestinal obstruction, intestinal fistula, malabsorption syndrome and chronic pain from adhesions; in some cases, it may have an asymptomatic clinical course.Case report: In a 41-year-old female, gravida 4 para 4, with a history of laparotomy performed for an ovarian adenocarcinoma three years prior to her referral, a gossypiboma was incidentally detected on follow up imaging. The gossypiboma was safely excised by a midline laparotomy.Conclusion: Asymptomatic gossypiboma should be considered in patients presenting with a mass, who have undergone laparotomy in the past.
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Zinat Ghanbari; Marzieh Hajibabaei; Elaheh Miri Ashtiani; Azita Ghanbarpour; Ali Montazeri
Volume 7, Issue 2 , September and October 2021, , Pages 114-120
Abstract
Background & Objective: Pelvic floor disorders (PFDs) are common devastating situations among women globally. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of radiofrequency (RF) on pelvic floor distress, restoration, and sexual function among women with PFDs.Materials & Methods: This ...
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Background & Objective: Pelvic floor disorders (PFDs) are common devastating situations among women globally. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of radiofrequency (RF) on pelvic floor distress, restoration, and sexual function among women with PFDs.Materials & Methods: This pre-post intervention study was performed on forty-three women with PFDs, who referred to a teaching pelvic floor clinic. Patients underwent RF three times fortnightly. Women were examined at three time points of baseline, one month post-intervention, and in a three months follow-up. In addition, a biofeedback evaluation was performed by a physiotherapist at the first session and follow-up. All women were asked to complete the Female Sexual Function Index and Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory questionnaires at the first session and in follow-up assessments. Descriptive statistics, the paired samples t-test, and the Friedman test were used to analyze the data.Results: The mean and standard deviation of the age and gravidity of participants were 40.3±8.01 years and 2.65±1.3, respectively. We observed that 81.4% of women had a history of vaginal delivery. A significant improvement was found in the levator muscle tonicity by manual examination in the three-month follow-up (P < /em><0.001). Moreover, maximal pelvic floor contraction measured by biofeedback improved (P < /em>=0.075). There were significant improvements in female sexual function and pelvic floor distress, including pelvic organ prolapse, colorectal-anal distress, and urinary distress after RF therapy (P < /em><0.001).Conclusion: The findings of the current investigation showed that RF could be applied for pelvic floor restoration and is likely to improve sexual function and pelvic floor distress.
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Khadije Saravani; Pantea Ramezannezhad; Razieh Behzadmehr; Rezvaneh Behzadmehr; Saeide Saeidi
Volume 5, Issue 3 , November 2020, , Pages 126-130
Abstract
Background & Objective: In this study, the relationship between ultrasonic marker of fetal lung maturity and lamellar body number was studied.Materials & Methods: A comprehensive literature review was performed on papers published from 2004 to 2016 by searching databases including NCBI, Science ...
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Background & Objective: In this study, the relationship between ultrasonic marker of fetal lung maturity and lamellar body number was studied.Materials & Methods: A comprehensive literature review was performed on papers published from 2004 to 2016 by searching databases including NCBI, Science Direct, Springer, and Web of Science as well as native databases such as Iran DAC, Islamic science citation (ISC), and Magiran with a special focus on presented articles. Keywords used include body count, fetal lung, and ultrasonic.Results: In this study we used ultrasonic marker of fetal lung maturity and related this to lamellar body count and neo natal outcome. The ultrasonic marker of fetal lung maturity can reduce mortality and morbidity in neonate.Conclusion: A limited study has been performed in the field of ultrasonic marker of fetal lung maturity and it is suggested that detailed studies be performed in this field in other parts of Iran as well.
Malihe Hasanzadeh; Fereshteh Bazmi; Parnian Malakuti
Volume 4, Issue 3 , September and October 2019, , Pages 127-130
Abstract
Background & Objective: Ovarian microcystic stromal tumor (MST) is a rare subset of ovarian tumors, that usually appears in the form of a pelvic mass which is often unilateral, and has a microcystic realization characterized by small, elliptical, and circular cysts. This microcystic stromal tumor ...
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Background & Objective: Ovarian microcystic stromal tumor (MST) is a rare subset of ovarian tumors, that usually appears in the form of a pelvic mass which is often unilateral, and has a microcystic realization characterized by small, elliptical, and circular cysts. This microcystic stromal tumor is a type of ovarian insufficiency that has recently come to researchers’ attention. However, no meta-cognitive studies have beem conducted regarding the issue. This tumor morphologically and histologically may look very similar to granulosa cell tumor, Sertoli, Lydic and other ovarian tumors but different characteristic of immunohistochemistry, genetic and gene mutation incidence makes it different. Herein, we report a rare case of the microcystic stromal tumor using immunohistochemistry studies.
Case Report: A 60-year-old woman with ovarian mass referred to gynecology clinic in March 2018. She underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral Salpingo-oophorectomy. Pathology results showed ovarian microcystic stromal tumor. The patient was fallowed up without any intervention after surgery. To date she is alive with no problem.
Conclusion: Ovarian MST is a rare tumor that originates from the ovarian stroma, which is histologically confused with a number of ovarian tumors, especially metastatic tumors. Immunohistochemistry findings are very helpful in differentiating this tumor from other tumors and preventing diagnostic errors.
Forough Javanmanesh; Mina Moeini
Volume 3, Issue 3 , September and October 2018, , Pages 133-135
Abstract
Introduction: Heterotopic pregnancy or combination of intra and extra- uterine pregnancy is very rare, but its incidence increased sharply in recent years due to the development of medically assisted reproductive technology. This condition carries a significant maternal morbidity and mortality due to ...
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Introduction: Heterotopic pregnancy or combination of intra and extra- uterine pregnancy is very rare, but its incidence increased sharply in recent years due to the development of medically assisted reproductive technology. This condition carries a significant maternal morbidity and mortality due to the risk of rupture of ectopic pregnancy. This study was a case report of heterotopic pregnancy.
Patient Information A 25 year old pregnant woman with abdominal pain and nausea and vomiting was admitted in 12 March 2018 in Firoozgar hospital that ultrasound examination suggested heterotopic pregnancy and laparotomy and left salpingectomy was performed, and intrauterine pregnancy continued. Conclusion A high index of suspicion can help in timely diagnosis and appropriate intervention and decrease the risk of complications and maternal mortality.
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Roshan Nikbakht; Mahvash Zargar; Farideh Morammezi; Asma Motaharifard; Maryam Seyedtabib
Volume 8, Issue 2 , March and April 2023, , Pages 143-149
Abstract
Background & Objective: Frozen embryo replacement (FER) cycle is a procedure that assists in, in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome by using the storage and transfer of excess embryos. This study evaluated the success of FER using Spinnbarkeit and endometrial thickness.Materials & Methods: This ...
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Background & Objective: Frozen embryo replacement (FER) cycle is a procedure that assists in, in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome by using the storage and transfer of excess embryos. This study evaluated the success of FER using Spinnbarkeit and endometrial thickness.Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 97 infertile women at the Imam Khomeini hospital of Ahvaz, from March 2019 to March 2020. Endometrium was prepared with Estradiol valerate from the third day of menstruation and followed by serial vaginal ultrasound till the thickness of the endometrium attained seven millimeters to eight millimeters. The cervical secretions were collected from the external Os and were estimated based on centimeters. Also, endometrial thickness was recorded.Results: no substantial difference between endometrial thickness and spinnbarkeit in the FER cycles with pregnancy outcomes was observed (P>0.05).Conclusion: Some variables such as endometrial thickness, spinnbarkiet, estradiol dose intake, and quality of embryos have no relationship with the success of FER cycles.
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Fatemeh Golshahi; Mahboobeh Shirazi; Shirin Torabi; Fatemeh Rahimi Sharbaf; Farzaneh Nazari
Volume 6, Issue 3 , June 2021, , Pages 147-151
Abstract
Currently, ultrasound is a well-known clinical modality for pregnancy management and has a prominent role in clinical decision-making. Accordingly, developing guidelines to outline the minimum performance standards of using ultrasound is necessary for different areas of obstetric ultrasound. The fetal ...
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Currently, ultrasound is a well-known clinical modality for pregnancy management and has a prominent role in clinical decision-making. Accordingly, developing guidelines to outline the minimum performance standards of using ultrasound is necessary for different areas of obstetric ultrasound. The fetal brain is one of the most important assessments in anomaly scan. For a basic brain assessment, 3 axial planes are routinely defined. According to most guidelines, the fetal skull’s integrity, shape, and bone density should be assessed while measuring the head size. In this paper, we present 2 cases of skull bony defect with normal routine 3 axial planes. For better detection of CNS anomalies, it is necessary to add other views such as sagittal view to three routine planes. It leads to early detection of anomalies especially in first and early second trimester. Consequently, it helps in deciding for termination, planning interventions and further management.
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Fatemeh Davari Tanha; Mojgan Asadi; Zahra Shahraki; Zeinab Assaf; Zahra Kaveh; Mahsa Ghajarzadeh
Volume 9, Issue 2 , March and April 2024, , Pages 161-166
Abstract
Background & Objective: Sexual activity is a major determinant of health-related quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate sexual activity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Materials & Methods: A case control survey was conducted at a tertiary care university hospital ...
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Background & Objective: Sexual activity is a major determinant of health-related quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate sexual activity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Materials & Methods: A case control survey was conducted at a tertiary care university hospital (Yas Hospital Complex.). A total of 193 women were enrolled in this study. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire was used to assess the sexual dysfunction. In this study, 100 cases with PCOS and 93 healthy controls were studied.
Results: The mean FSFI total score and all domains except orgasm were significantly lower in PCOS patients as compared to healthy controls. With an FSFI score of less than 26.55, sexual dysfunction was found in 62% of PCOS cases versus 18.2% of the control group. Multiple regression analysis showed that FSH and free testosterone were independent predictors of FSFI score. The result showed that more than sixty percent of PCOS women suffer from sexual dysfunction.
Conclusion: PCOS women need to be asked about and managed for sexual dysfunction more frequently than non-PCOS women.
Atieh Mirfendereski; Khadigeh Abadian
Volume 3, Issue 4 , November and December 2018, , Pages 177-180
Abstract
Background & Objective: Given the impact of endometriosis on patients’ social lives, marital relationships, and fertility and on reducing these people’s quality of life, its proper diagnosis and treatment seem vital. This study aimed to report a case of rectus muscle endometriosis and ...
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Background & Objective: Given the impact of endometriosis on patients’ social lives, marital relationships, and fertility and on reducing these people’s quality of life, its proper diagnosis and treatment seem vital. This study aimed to report a case of rectus muscle endometriosis and the way it was managed.
Case Report: The patient was a 30-year-old woman who had a history of dysmenorrhea and chronic pain for 2 years after her first delivery which was performed by cesarean section. During ultrasonography conducted on the anterior abdominal wall of the midline, a mass indicating endometriosis was observed in the abdominal wall at the site of the cesarean section incision scar and in the thickness of the rectus muscle. After the termination of pregnancy and during the cesarean section, the mass was removed and the patient’s symptoms subsided.
Conclusion: To manage endometriosis a patient’s complete records and imaging techniques can be effective.
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Koroush Shahsavan; Behnaz Moradi; Komeil Farajnejad Ghadi; Mohammad Ali Kazemi
Volume 5, Issue 4 , December 2020, , Pages 178-181
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Congenital partial agenesis of the portal venous system is a very rare anomaly in which part of the portal blood bypass the liver, and is usually associated with the portosystemic shunt (PSS). The prognosis is good and they usually have excellent hemodynamic status with normal ...
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Background & Objectives: Congenital partial agenesis of the portal venous system is a very rare anomaly in which part of the portal blood bypass the liver, and is usually associated with the portosystemic shunt (PSS). The prognosis is good and they usually have excellent hemodynamic status with normal fetal growth and a survival rate.Case report: In this study, we report two rare cases of fetal portal system anomalies at second trimester which mainly involved portal sinus. They are the first cases that have ever been reported without any systemic shunt. Both fetuses were born normally and have had normal outcomes ever since.Conclusion: Partial portal system agenesis with only minor changes in portal system anatomy and without PSS can be considered as variants of portal system with good outcome.
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Shahnaz Ahmadi; Katayoon Farahani; Majid Aklamli; Kambiz Ahmadi; Niloufar Beheshti
Volume 7, Issue 3 , January and February 2022, , Pages 186-191
Abstract
Background & Objective: Spinal analgesia and Entonox analgesia are used as pain relief methods during labor. This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the effect of spinal analgesia and Entonox analgesia on the duration of the first, second, and third stages of labor, Apgar score, and ...
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Background & Objective: Spinal analgesia and Entonox analgesia are used as pain relief methods during labor. This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the effect of spinal analgesia and Entonox analgesia on the duration of the first, second, and third stages of labor, Apgar score, and maternal and fetal outcomes.Materials & Methods: Clinical information of 1,000 patients who delivered at Shahid Akbarabadi Hospital and underwent painless delivery with Entonox gas and spinal anesthesia was assessed; then, according to the inclusion criteria, 280 cases were divided into two groups: the spinal analgesia group (n=140) and Entonox analgesia group (n=140). In the spinal analgesia group, 25 μg of fentanyl and 1-2 mg of bupivacaine were administered. For the Entonox group, Entonox inhalation was administered via a face mask at the initiation of pain at each contraction. The duration of labor, mode of delivery, side effects, and maternal satisfaction were also compared in the two groups.Results: The duration of the first stage was significantly shorter in the spinal analgesia group than in the Entonox analgesia group (P < /em><0.001), but the duration of the second stage in the spinal analgesia group was longer (P < /em><0.001). There were no significant differences in the cesarean section rates, Apgar score, weight, and acidity (PH) and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) between the two groups. Measured pain was significantly lower in the spinal analgesia group (P < /em>=0.01) than in the Entonox analgesia group regarding visual analog scale (VAS) scores.Conclusion: Spinal analgesia is a safe, suitable, and effective method for pain reduction with no adverse effects on the outcome of labor compared to Entonox analgesia.
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Shiva Hadadianpour; Nasim Sanjari; Masoumeh Fallahian
Volume 6, Issue 4 , August 2021, , Pages 209-216
Abstract
Background & Objective: To determine the factors affecting Iranian obstetricians and gynecologists’ (OB/GYNs’) decision about performing a cesarean section on maternal request.Materials & Methods: A four-part questionnaire was designed and distributed between 150 randomly ...
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Background & Objective: To determine the factors affecting Iranian obstetricians and gynecologists’ (OB/GYNs’) decision about performing a cesarean section on maternal request.Materials & Methods: A four-part questionnaire was designed and distributed between 150 randomly selected OB/GYNs in Iran during a national conference. One hundred questionnaires were sent back by the participants. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25. The influential factors on OB/GYNs’ decision about the mode of delivery, as well as the correlations between their knowledge, attitude, practice, gender, and years of work experience, were assessed.Results: A positive correlation was found between OB/GYNs’ knowledge and attitude about the benefits of cesarean section and performing a cesarean section on maternal request in public and private hospitals. We did not find any correlation between age, gender, and years of practice with the practice of cesarean section on demand. Approximately 52.8% of female participants and 38.5% of male participants recommend cesarean section to their immediate families, and 81% of participants accepted the pregnant mother’s request for cesarean section. The stress of the potential impact of vaginal delivery on the pelvic floor and sexual function is the leading reason behind this decision. Conclusion: Since the views and concerns of OB/GYNs have a significant role in guiding pregnant women to decide the mode of delivery, and the fear of future sexual dysfunction is an important issue affecting obstetricians’ perspective, it should be taken into consideration.
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Hamza Radhi; Shaymaa Abdulhameed Khudair; Miaad Adnan; Muntaha Kadhem Mejbel; Ahmed S. Abed; Nizar Awish Jassem
Volume 8, Issue 3 , May and June 2023, , Pages 249-254
Abstract
Background & Objective: The fetal head's persistent posterior position, which ranges from 1 to 5% during birth, has long been acknowledged as a significant challenge of intrapartum treatment. 10% to 20% of fetuses are found to be in the occiput posterior (OP) position at the beginning of labor; ...
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Background & Objective: The fetal head's persistent posterior position, which ranges from 1 to 5% during birth, has long been acknowledged as a significant challenge of intrapartum treatment. 10% to 20% of fetuses are found to be in the occiput posterior (OP) position at the beginning of labor; 90% of them rotate to the occiput anterior. This research aims to analyze the rate of delivery in the OP position (also called sunny-side-up) concerning the outcome of manual rotation carried out contingent upon the OP position remains persistent. Perinatal outcomes were the secondary goals.Materials & Methods: This prospective cohort study was carried out in Obstetrics & Gynecology Clinic (OGC) at Faruk Medical City, Iraq. The study included all women who experienced a singleton pregnancy after 36 weeks, had an effort to rotate the fetus manually and had the fetus remain in the persistent OP position. The primary result was the delivery's occiput position. Perineal injuries, labor length, and the method of delivery have been the secondary outcomes. According to the outcome of manual rotation, two groups were contrasted.Results: The overall number of women participating was 250, and the manual rotation success rate was 59.1%. The success was strongly correlated with a reduction in the OP position during vaginal, cesarean, operative vaginal delivery, episiotomy, and obstetric anal sphincter injury.Conclusion: Reduced incidence of OP position at anal sphincter injury during operative vaginal delivery is linked to attempts at manual rotation in the case of persistent OP position.
Reproductive Medicine
Caspian Ostadian; Marzieh Mehrafza; Azadeh Eftekhari; Shahrzad Aghajani; Hajar Vahabzadeh; Mahdis Gholami; Azadeh Raoufi; Sajedeh Samadnia; Elmira Hosseinzadeh; Ahmad Hosseini
Volume 7, Issue 4 , March and April 2022, , Pages 323-328
Abstract
Background & Objective: The effect of storage time and temperature on the prepared semen sample was evaluated, but the optimal condition is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of long-term incubation of prepared sperm at testicular temperature versus room temperature on semen ...
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Background & Objective: The effect of storage time and temperature on the prepared semen sample was evaluated, but the optimal condition is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of long-term incubation of prepared sperm at testicular temperature versus room temperature on semen parameters and DNA fragmentation index (DFI).Materials & Methods: Sperm samples were collected from 40 patients between 2019 and 2020. Each sample was separated into two parts and underwent a non-direct swim-up method. One group was placed in a 35°C incubator, and the other group was kept at room temperature (26°C) in the dark. Both groups were evaluated at intervals of 45 minutes, 24 hours and 48 hours after sampling in terms of sperm concentration, motility, morphology, and DFI. Student t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance were used.Results: Sperm count (P < /em>=0.007) and motility (P < /em><0.001) at 26°C in three-time intervals of 45 minutes, 24 hours and 48 hours were significantly higher than 35°C. The proportion of normal morphology spermatozoa at 26 and 35°C at 45 min, 24 h, and 48 h did not show a significant difference (P < /em>=0.08). DFI at 26°C in three-time intervals was significantly lower than 35°C (P < /em>=0.008).Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that when the prepared sperm samples are incubated for 24 h at 26°C compared to 35°C, they show significantly better quality and good quality of sperm can be retained for several hours if stored at room temperature.
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Hadeel Ali Mahamda; Reem Ali Haddad; Ameen Abdulhasan Al Alwany; Noora M. Hameed; Thulfeqar Ahmed Hamza
Volume 8, Issue 4 , July and August 2023, , Pages 366-373
Abstract
Background & Objective: An essential issue in obstetrics is the prevalence of maternal and fetal complications in pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of pregnancy complications among various phenotypes of pregnant ...
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Background & Objective: An essential issue in obstetrics is the prevalence of maternal and fetal complications in pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of pregnancy complications among various phenotypes of pregnant women with PCOS.Materials & Methods: In the current study, the pregnancy period of 143 women with PCOS who were referred to the Babylon teaching hospital in Iraq in 2021 was analyzed based on their medical records. These women were separated into two groups based on their PCOS-related clinical symptoms. People in the first group possessed a severe phenotype, while those in the second group possessed a mild phenotype. SPSS version 23 was utilized for comparing maternal and fetal complications during pregnancy and for data analysis.Results: Regarding maternal and fetal complications, there was a significant difference between the two groups regarding low birth weight (LBW) (P<0.05). In this study, there was no statistically significant difference between PCOS phenotypes and the incidence of gestational diabetes, preterm birth, or spontaneous abortion (P>0.05). In conclusion, women with a more severe phenotype are more likely to give birth to babies with low birth weight (LBW) (approximately 1.9 times).Conclusion: In clinical considerations of pregnant women with PCOS, it appears necessary to consider the disease's phenotype as one of the factors influencing fetal outcomes.
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Ivanna Beru Brahmana; Inayati Inayati
Volume 7, Issue 5 , July and August 2022, , Pages 422-428
Abstract
Background & Objective: Vaginal discharge caused by infection and inflammation could lead to premature rupture of the membranes, which increases the risk of premature labor. If not handled properly, preterm delivery elevates the neonatal mortality risk and morbidity rate. This study aims to know ...
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Background & Objective: Vaginal discharge caused by infection and inflammation could lead to premature rupture of the membranes, which increases the risk of premature labor. If not handled properly, preterm delivery elevates the neonatal mortality risk and morbidity rate. This study aims to know the relationship between uterine contractions with preterm.Materials & Methods: Observational research and cross-sectional design on pregnant women with vaginal discharge and without vaginal discharge based on criteria inclusion was gestational age 16–37 weeks, and exclusion criteria were pregnant women with a history of sexually transmitted diseases.Results: The results showed that there were 130 pregnant women, of whom 77 (59.23%) have vaginal discharge complaints, and 53 (40.77%) do not have vaginal discharge complaints. Most pregnant women were in their first pregnancy (primigravida) and with 29–36 weeks gestational age. Uterine contractions (his) occurred in 68.8% (P < /i>=0.000) of pregnant women with vaginal discharge complaints but did not occur in pregnant women without vaginal discharge complaints. Conclusion: Vaginal discharge in pregnancy carries the risk of uterine contractions, which may increase the incidence of preterm birth. To conclude, vaginal discharge in pregnancy has a relationship with preterm birth.
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Behnaz Nouri; Maliheh Arab; Mohammad Nasiri
Volume 8, Issue 5 , September and October 2023, , Pages 481-487
Abstract
Background & Objective: Endometriosis is one of the most common diseases in the female population. The range of diagnostic delays in this disease is long and leads to adverse health-related consequences. The aim of this study was to evaluate diagnostic experiences in patients with endometriosis ...
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Background & Objective: Endometriosis is one of the most common diseases in the female population. The range of diagnostic delays in this disease is long and leads to adverse health-related consequences. The aim of this study was to evaluate diagnostic experiences in patients with endometriosis who are candidates for laparoscopic surgery.Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 433 patients with endometriosis who were candidates for laparoscopic surgery referred to Shohada-Tajrish Hospital in Tehran, Iran, between January 2016 and December 2021. A questionnaire including demographic and clinical information, MRI, and pathology reports were collected from participants. The MRI lesions were segmented and the results were compared with pathology and clinical examination. For statistical analysis SPSS software, version 22 was used.Results: A total of 433 participated in this study with a mean age of 34.18±7.99. The average estimated duration of disease symptoms (months) was 40.58±42.33. The predictive value of clinical symptoms is weak compared to MRI. However, the probability that the disease is not present when the clinical signs are negative is acceptable in most of the endometriosis sites. MRI considerably shows the true negative rate, but its sensitivity is only relatively acceptable for the diagnosis of ascites (67.66%). Calculating the accuracy of MRI reports probably shows the overall classification of the patients via MRI test.Conclusion: despite extensive research, there are no suitable and accurate non-invasive methods for diagnosing endometriosis. MRI and clinical examination alone are not useful for definitive diagnosis and it is better to examine biomarkers and artificial intelligence for non-invasive and accurate diagnosis of this disease.
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Farzaneh Boroumand; Shiva Ghayur; Rasoul Gharaaghaji; Shabnam Vazifekhah
Volume 7, Issue 6 , September and October 2022, , Pages 524-529
Abstract
Background & Objective: Maternal obesity can increases pregnancy consequences like postpartum hemorrhage, preeclampsia, need for cesarean section, neonatal death, and fetal macrosomia. In this study, the efficacy of prophylactic use of metformin to prevent gestational diabetes mellitus in nondiabetic ...
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Background & Objective: Maternal obesity can increases pregnancy consequences like postpartum hemorrhage, preeclampsia, need for cesarean section, neonatal death, and fetal macrosomia. In this study, the efficacy of prophylactic use of metformin to prevent gestational diabetes mellitus in nondiabetic pregnant women with obesity was examined.Materials & Methods: This study was a clinical trial. Totally, 340 pregnant women who were in the first trimester were referred to the gynecology clinic of Motahhari hospital in Urmia after ensuring the absence of underlying diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, kidney, liver, and cardiovascular disease, without a history of allergy to metformin, in case of a singleton pregnancy, and Body Mass Index (BMI) above 30 were allocated to two equal groups. The intervention group was given 1000 mg of metformin, and the control group was given a placebo. Demographic information, including age, gravity, parity, live birth, birth, and maternal weight, previous delivery method, abortion, delivery method with its cause, polyhydramnios, NICU hospitalization, gestational age, mortality, and neonatal anomalies was also recorded. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 26.Results: In the control group, 15 mothers (9.4%) out of 160 people, and in the intervention group, 13 mothers (8.1%) had gestational diabetes (P < /i>=0.692). In the intervention group, the mean insulin dose was 10.8 ±3 units; in the control group, the mean insulin dose was 21.2±15.7 units (P=0.048). Twenty patients (6.7%) out of 297 obese patients and 8 patients (34.8%) in the morbid obesity group had diabetes (P < /i><0.001). In the control group, the mean weight of mothers was 8.04±2.5 kg; in the intervention group, it was 5.2±2.3 kg during pregnancy (P < /i><0.001). Gestational diabetes, delivery method, death one week after birth, preterm birth, polyhydramnios, and intensive care unit were similar in the two groups. Conclusion: Metformin in pregnant women with a BMI>30 deals with low maternal weight, reduced birth weight, and reduced insulin dose in diabetic mothers.
Gynecology Oncology
May Kassim Khalaf; Fadia J Alizzi; Ammar Mohammed Qassim
Volume 8, Issue 6 , November and December 2023, , Pages 599-606
Abstract
Background & Objective: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone acts on the anterior pituitary and promotes the release of both follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), both of great importance in the ovarian cycle.Materials & Methods: In a prospective cross-sectional ...
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Background & Objective: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone acts on the anterior pituitary and promotes the release of both follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), both of great importance in the ovarian cycle.Materials & Methods: In a prospective cross-sectional study conducted at the High Institute for Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technologies / Al-Nahrain University and Kamal Al-Sameraie Hospital for Infertility and In Vitro Fertilization, Baghdad, Iraq during the period from April 2022 to April 2023, women received rFSH in a single daily dose of (150-300 IU) for ovarian stimulation. Women in groups B and C received ovarian stimulation antagonists, while those in group A did not.Results: Both clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates were measured for each group. A positive hCG test was found in 27 (79.4%) in Group A while it was positive in 19 (55.9%) in Group B with a significant difference (P=0.03), clinical pregnancy was 25 (73.5%) in Group A while it was positive in 17 (50.0%) in Group B with a significant difference (P=0.04), and ongoing pregnancy was found in 24 (70.6%) in Group A while it was positive in 15 (44.1%) in Group B with significant difference (P=0.01).Conclusion: Women with LH <4 IU presented with a significantly higher pregnancy rate than those with ≥4 IU, and do not need GnRH antagonist addition as co-treatment.
Setareh Akhavan
Volume 1, Issue 1 , May and June 2016
Fatemeh Sharifzadeh; Sara Norouzi; Mahnaz Ashrafi; Soheila Aminimoghaddam; Jalil Koohpayezadeh
Volume 1, Issue 2 , September and October 2016
Abstract
Background: Different studies found that zinc is necessary for sexual maturity, growth and fertility. But there are no distinct studies that clarify the role of zinc supplements on semen parameters.
Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the zinc supplement therapeutic effects on semen samples ...
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Background: Different studies found that zinc is necessary for sexual maturity, growth and fertility. But there are no distinct studies that clarify the role of zinc supplements on semen parameters.
Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the zinc supplement therapeutic effects on semen samples of infertile males. Patients and Methods: The study comprised one-hundred-twenty sub fertile males. The study was a double-blinded placebo controlled clinical trial. The subjects were randomly allocated to treatment with zinc supplement (n = 60) or placebo (n = 60) groups. Subjects in both groups were given 10 mL, three times daily. In order to determine the sperm concentration, Motility and morphology, standardized semen and blood samples were obtained before and after treatment, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines; semen morphology according to strict criteria, and blood and semen zinc concentration also were measured. Effects of the two interventions were evaluated in sub fertile males.
Results: Sub fertile males demonstrated a significant increase (8.8 ± 7.4 × 106 cells/mL to 17.2 ± 13.5 × 106 cells/mL) in concentration and normal sperm in zinc group versus the placebo group. Blood serum zinc concentration increased in the interventional group significantly (P = 0.000), and also semen plasma zinc concentration increased significantly (P = 0.000).
Conclusions: Normal sperm percentage and total sperm concentration increased after zinc sulfate treatment. The beneficial effect of zinc and all results of the current study opened new way to medical purposes and public health researches.
Atefeh Moridi; Maliheh Arab; Ghazaleh Fazli; Maryam Khayamzadeh
Volume 1, Issue 3 , November and December 2016
Abstract
Dermoid cyst is a benign and common ovarian neoplasm affecting women. Sources for this review article were taken from PubMed and other up-to-date databases covering the period from Jan 2010 to Jan 2016. Keywords for the search were “dermoid cyst” and “treatment”. A search of the ...
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Dermoid cyst is a benign and common ovarian neoplasm affecting women. Sources for this review article were taken from PubMed and other up-to-date databases covering the period from Jan 2010 to Jan 2016. Keywords for the search were “dermoid cyst” and “treatment”. A search of the literature revealed 113 full text manuscripts, from which 21 were relevant. In addition, another 56 relevant manuscripts identified in the reference lists of the above-mentioned 21 manuscripts were included in the study, although they had been published before 2010. Clinical considerations for dermoid cyst management are categorized as follows: 1) selection of the best choice of surgical treatment in dermoid cyst: laparoscopy or laparotomy; 2) procedure to exteriorize a dermoid cyst in laparoscopy; 3) selection of oophorectomy or cystectomy; 4) spillage of the cyst contents: prevention and treatment of the consequences if it does happen; 5) necessity of surgical treatment in dermoid cyst management; 6) ovarian torsion and other complications; 7) Probability of malignancy in dermoid cyst.
Setare Akhavan; Azamsat Mousavi; Mitra Modaresgilani; Abbas Alibakhshi
Volume 2, Issue 1 , March and April 2017
Abstract
Anogenital warts (AGWs) are the most prevalent sexually transmitted viral infections in the United States of America. Symptomatic warts can be seen in nearly 1% of the population aged 15 to 49 years. Genital warts are highly contagious through sexual contact. AGWs can be diagnosed by careful visual inspection. ...
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Anogenital warts (AGWs) are the most prevalent sexually transmitted viral infections in the United States of America. Symptomatic warts can be seen in nearly 1% of the population aged 15 to 49 years. Genital warts are highly contagious through sexual contact. AGWs can be diagnosed by careful visual inspection. Several methods have been described for the treatment of warts; however, all have their own limitations and are not always successful. Warts often recur even after being completely removed. The treatments of warts can be divided into two broad categories, ie, surgical and nonsurgical methods. The patient himself/herself can apply the nonsurgical methods, or a physician can perform it. Podophyllotoxin is a good medical substance. Imiquimod can act as an immune response modifier and stimulate locally produced cytokine. Topical treatments of warts increase local production of interferon and decrease viral load of human papiloma virus (HPV). The surgical methods for genital warts include curettage, electrosurgery, and application of a scalpel under general or local anesthesia. Scattered keratinized lesions can be removed by electrosurgery. Patients with multiple or large warts of any location should be referred for surgical treatment under general anesthesia.
Soheila Aminimoghaddam
Volume 2, Issue 2 , May and June 2017
Abstract
Combined oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) contain estrogen (ethinylestradiol) and progesterone (first-generation levonorgestrel and fourth-generation drospirenone). Progesterone has peripheral effects on the endometrium, fallopian tubes, and cervix and can promote contraception. These pills are used to ...
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Combined oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) contain estrogen (ethinylestradiol) and progesterone (first-generation levonorgestrel and fourth-generation drospirenone). Progesterone has peripheral effects on the endometrium, fallopian tubes, and cervix and can promote contraception. These pills are used to prevent pain caused by Mittelschmerz syndrome and endometriosis and to treat hyperandrogenism. To prescribe contraceptives, it is adequate to take the patient’s medical history and blood pressure. In the absence of risk factors, patients should be followed-up by history-taking, blood pressure measurement, urinalysis, Pap smear test, and examination of breasts, pelvis, and liver. The risk of venous thrombosis in new OCPs is twice higher than that of older generations and usually occurs in the first year of consumption. The only absolute contraindications for the use of new OCPs include chronic and acute cholestatic liver diseases. In fact, use of new OCPs increases the risk of liver adenoma, but not hepatocellular carcinoma. On the other hand, in female patients with genital tract cancers, risk of endometrial and ovarian epithelial cancers decreases following the use of OCPs. However, the risk of cervical adenocarcinoma increases after 5 years of consumption due to cervical eversion and impaired vitamin metabolism. These pills are contraindicated in women above 35 years who smoke more than 15 cigarettes daily or have uncontrolled hypertension, venous thromboembolism, migraine aura, severe hyperglycemia, breast cancer (diagnosed or suspected), or diabetes mellitus associated with cardiovascular diseases.
Atefe Moridi; Maliheh Arab; Farzaneh Jamdar; Donya Khosravi; Ghazaleh Fazli
Volume 2, Issue 3 , September and October 2017
Abstract
Lymphedema is an unusual and specific type of peripheral edema resulting from obstruction or disruption of lymphatic system. The present review was conducted on PubMed, UpToDate, and ClinicalKey databases before 2016. The keywords included lymphedema or leg edema AND advanced malignancy. The primary ...
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Lymphedema is an unusual and specific type of peripheral edema resulting from obstruction or disruption of lymphatic system. The present review was conducted on PubMed, UpToDate, and ClinicalKey databases before 2016. The keywords included lymphedema or leg edema AND advanced malignancy. The primary review revealed 104 full text publications, of which 24 relevant articles were selected and another 17 relevant articles from the reference list of the selected articles were added, as well. Practical points in diagnosis and treatment of lymphedema in gynecologic malignancies are presented in the below subtitles: -basic descriptions, classifications, and epidemiology; -clinical presentation and diagnostic tests; -differential diagnosis; -non-surgical management; -surgical management.
